Have you tried VIP membership yet? That's the best way to enjoy your favorite music with higher quality sound and no commercial interruptions. Hey, free mobile apps included. Learn more at live365.com slash VIP. Live 365. But before we go on, remember this website. Highgrounds.us. In the past two decades, natural disasters have increased by 800% within the US alone. Cataclysms like Hurricane Katrina killed and displaced thousands because they were not prepared. And the 2008 economic collapse could happen again, but be much, much worse. So type this into your web browser. Highgrounds.us. Highgrounds.us is your complete source for family survival necessities. You'll find food and water with a shelf life of 25 to 30 years, plus tents, portable containers, light, heat, first aid, and much more. Go to our website, highgrounds.us, or call 1-888-202-9094, place your order now, and be prepared. That's H-I-G-H, highgrounds.us. Hope for the best, but prepare for the worst. Highgrounds.us. bringing you the sound of the revolution. Thank you for listening to Liberty Tree Radio dot 4 mg dot com. You have a choice to keep your body clean. Detoxify with micro plant powder from hempusa.org or call 908-691-2608. It's odorless and tasteless and used in any liquid or food. Protect your family now with micro plant powder. cleaning out heavy metals, parasites and toxins. Water it now for daily intake and stock it now for long-term storage. Visit hempusa.org or call 908-691-2608 today. We all need to prepare ourselves. You might have the food, water, gold and silver, but ask yourself, are you truly prepared? That's why you need to visit mainmilitary.com. Mainmilitary.com carries everything you need. Gas masks, fire starter kits, high capacity magazines, chemical suits, military surplus items and much more. Do you own a firearm? Mainmilitary.com has a large selection of pistols and rifles suited for your needs. Are your local stores sold out of ammunition? Call or visit them today for prices on hard to find ammo and bulk ammo orders. You don't need to worry about having a military surplus store in your area because mainmilitary.com is the only store you'll ever need all from the comfort of your computer. Visit them online today at mainmilitary.com. That's main like the state military.com. I had a dream the other night that well I didn't understand. A figure walked in through the mist with a flintlock in his hand. His clothes were torn and dirty as he stood there by my bed. He took off his three-cornered hat and speaking low to me, he said, We've fought a revolution to secure our liberty. We wrote the Constitution as a shield from tyranny. For future generations, this legacy we gave. In this, the land of the free and home of the brave. The freedoms we secured for you, we hoped you'd always keep. But tyrants labored endlessly while your parents were asleep. Your freedom's gone, your courage lost, you're no more than a slave. In this, the land of the free and home of the brave. You buy permits to travel and permits to own a gun. Permits to start a business or to build a place for one. On land that you believe you own, you pay a yearly rent. Although you have no voice in saying how the money's spent. Your children must attend a school that doesn't educate and your Christian values can't be taught according to the state. You read about the current news in a regulated press and you pay a tax you do not owe to please the IRS. Your money is no longer made of silver nor of gold. You trade your wealth for paper so your life can be controlled. You pay for crimes that make our nation turn from God and shame. You've taken Satan's number. You've traded in your name. You've given government control to those who do you harm so they could burn down churches and seize the family farm and keep our country deep and dead. Put men of God in jail. Harash your fellow countrymen while corrupted courts prevail. Your public servants don't uphold the solemn oaths they've sworn. And your daughters visit doctors so their children will be born. Your leaders send artillery and guns to foreign shores and send your sons to slaughter fighting other people's wars. Can you regain the freedoms for which we fought and died? Or don't you have the courage or the faith to stand with pride? And are there no more values for which you'll fight to save? Or do you wish your children to live in fear and be a slave? O sons of the Republic, arise, take a stand, defend the Constitution, the Supreme Law of the land, preserve our great Republic and each God given right, and pray to God to keep the torch of freedom burning bright. As Iowoke vanished in the mist for whence he came. His words were true, we are not free, but we have ourselves to blame. For even now as tyrants trample each God given right we only watch him tremble too afraid to stand and fight If he stood by your bedside to dream while you were asleep and wondered what remains of the freedoms he fought to keep What would be your answer if he called out from the grave is this still the land of the free? We have done. Oh, I'm be case. Yeah, we got BK. Okay, very good. You're up live good good And good evening, ladies and gentlemen, this is the evening intelligence report. I'm Mark Kornke. And butter knife? One day closer to victory for all of our brothers and sisters, both on and behind the lines in occupied territories west, central, southeast, and north. Well, ladies and gentlemen, you're listening to us on... Liberty through radio dot 4mg dot com around. Amen FM Microstations, CB Bay Stations and Alternate Technologies east and west of the Mississippi along with Alaska. Good evening to the Aleutians. Well, good afternoon still but it won't last long. Ahh, on the east coast from the top of Maine to the bottom of Florida. From the bottom of Florida crossing the arc of the Gulf of Mexico. Headed Louisiana, Texas, a Mississippi, Oklahoma, big chunk of Nebraska, a whole bunch of Wyoming to include both 5th through the 5th. And our friends in the Civil War, State of Colorado, the Golden Spike and the Hallmark linking there in eastern Colorado today. So I want to say thank you again, an interesting crossroads. It's not going to happen everywhere, but it's happening there because of the technical geeks that got together. Ah, that happens. Waving the left coast, we turn back to the east sweep across the plains, leap over the burgeoning banks of the Mississippi land and the Smokies, slash the Blue Ridge, where the restaurant crew's grammar team's OK teams and the model grammar consortium of retired telecommunications workers bring us the Golden Spike, the rest of the planet where it is. Also, a good afternoon slash evening to our friends up in Washington State. They're starting a new grid. I don't know if I'm going to include that in the intro, but we'll see what happens. Anybody that are going to be in the greater outer Seattle area and are expanding there even as we speak, which is pretty cool, but they're heading eastbound. They're not going into Seattle. They're heading eastbound and out of town. The flats, when you get to the middle and eastern half of Washington State. It's actually a mini desert. It's got some real clean shooting for long distance microwave and other technologies. So that's what they're going to be working with. It'll be kind of cool to see how that all works out. Anyway, BK, beautiful day here today. Got a lot of work done. Oh my goodness, going through all of the little projects. I can't pick up any more, but I have to keep grabbing stuff when it's free. Guys, I've got a bunch of cross-country skis for free. And I mean nice cross-country skis. Couldn't pass them up. Now I got to go through everything, sort them out. Cool thing is I got the ski sticks, you know, the actual, you know, the sets weeks ago. There's another grab today, actually yesterday and today. A couple of pairs of cross-country skis that were my size and then also some for, you know, even for Nancy for, you know, she's shorter than I am by, well, a little underfoot. So again, interesting, just, you know, one part of it one time, one part the other. Picked up a bunch of silver today again too. And cheap, ridiculous price, which is really neat as far as well dishes and such but some of it useful one of them a Paul Revere cup which I think a Paul Revere drinking cup which is a victory cup also, which is kind of neat little mini version of the one we already have and when I say cheap I mean cheap cheap but to also watch these throwaway boxes picked up a whole bunch of water containers today. Now enough on that. BK, what's it like in your neck of the woods and what is this date today, sir? What's jumping off the wall, please? It is 27th September 2013. It is Friday evening. It is the last hour of the day and the week for the intelligence report. And that makes this quarter masters corner. And we too have had, having a pretty nice weather all week actually. It's a little bit unusual. Usually around here we get about two weeks of fall and then It's cold and it's wet and it's nasty for months on end. So we've actually been getting a nice long extended late summer and early fall and all that kind of good stuff. I was poking around down the hill and Gloria asked me it looks like I've got a tomato. It's green. But if the weather holds, maybe I'll get a tomato. So I will declare my experimental garden efforts this year to be double as successful. A few weeks ago, I got a bean. And if a couple of weeks from now, I get a tomato, then I will consider that a major success. Uh-oh. Well, again, practice, practice, practice. So we're still developing the real estate on top of everything else, aren't you, BK? Oh yeah, well it's just recently become my responsibility to handle the real estate here and there's an awful lot of accumulated back deterioration to be dealt with and I'm chipping away at it. It is not my favorite thing to do but needs must as they say. So I'm just chipping away. Spent the day today down at the community workshop. Getting a remarkable amount not done. Here is one of my comments. Shared tools are rarely working tools. This is a reason to have your own. Even if what you have is fairly crummy old stuff, random assorted china sport, inherited scrounged up, good and bad stuff from garage sales and what not. If you've got it yourself, you can look after it. It's not going to get any worse in your care and it may actually occasionally get sharpened up and a better The stuff that is accessible to multiple hands will generally not be maintained and will generally fail or perform very poorly. So there's my editorial of the week on shared tooling. You may have no choice, but it is at best your second option. Thoughts? Oh, the big thing is, it's like today, we have a couple of the local yard sales that are some of the better ones going on where it's that time of year. And today, that was my emphasis, was tools, exactly what you're saying. Hammers, if I see them for cheaper, free. Specialized tools. I get a bunch of specialized screwdrivers. I used to have them years ago, but I've lost tool kits here and there. Or, again, I had them at work, but I didn't really have them here. I'm starting to run into some of the name brand tools, quarter here, 25 cents for each. And as you said, in some cases they need to be sharpened, other cases just need to be cleaned up, although everything I got today paid a few dollars total for All I had to do was just wipe it off, take the tag off, and put it on the toolbox where it belongs. So if we have it in hand, remember, even if it doesn't, here's the thing, BK, I've reason a lot of tools are gotten rid of it because the new ones are faster and do so much more in many cases, or they're lighter and blah, blah, blah require all kinds of support to work. Or you think they are lighter and faster and better and cooler. Yeah, and so what happens, the older stuff is being disposed of. Well, guys, if it is even slower, let's say, It's a simple wrench as opposed to a ratchet. The bottom line is, if you have more of them around, if you have extra hands, then more people can be working at what needs to be done. Hammers, cutting tools, clippers, snippers. As I said, I got a whole bunch of engineer tools the other day. The only thing I didn't get a chance to do was I was going to camouflage the hatchet today, and I didn't do that. But that's a sidebar. I can do that tomorrow in the morning. It'll take a minute, and then it sits all day in cures, and I'll put it in a toolbox. but watch the yard sales, shovels, e-tools, saws of any kind. And you guys, even if you don't, even if you go to a like country, go to a yard sale, and you find a, you're looking for a bow saw. Okay, for instance, the bow saws are kind of pricey. Somebody said- I have to say, I have recently fallen in love with bow saws. You know, the one that I have is a simple C-shaped tubular steel Design not one of the wooden ones with the tension turnbuckle and so on and so forth but man for going through softwood There's nothing like it boop boop boop. You're through no engines. No motors. No chains No, nothing just you know zips off and and onto the next thing I'm just it's a one of the pink lipos thing It's one of those things that again the little mini versions or the fold-up camp saws they have that are really aggressive You have a real aggressive bite guys all of you should be carrying one of those Seriously, you can go to Tractor Supply for about $8 to $10. They actually BK have a set that are reasonably priced. Now they've gone up again by $2 or $3 from last year. That's the devaluation of our US currency again. But for the price, it's worth having in the kit. Like I said, if you have an E-tool, an axe of whatever kind and I know some people immediately say well Mark you can sharpen up one of the blades and use that as an axe. No a little hatcheter axe or drywall hammer is really handy and the drywall hammer is probably the best choice. Get an east wing, spend some money and you've got something that's one piece going to last forever but that saw as you pointed out for a lot of quick and easy engineer work. If you need camouflage or if you want to quickly clear something so you can move through an area. If you want to build something A lot of the combat medic swords that were made at the turn of the century to just the edge of World War I, many of them were actually short swords like a gladius. Well, the back of them were a saw blade and the reason they were, yep, if need be take the rest of a bone off on something, that sounds terrible, but it worked. The other thing though is, you know what, you only got one stretcher but you got five casualties. a blanket, a poncho, two sticks that are chopped right there on the spot, make a stretcher real quick and you can get a man off site. And so... The bow saw does quick work on a sapling, just zap right through it. You can go up to two or three inches if you want, you know, 30 seconds and you're done. And easy to carry. You can break those down and in fact you can carry not just one blade, you can carry in a pack three or four blades. So, that's one of those recommended Cypher slash engineer tools that I would recommend putting in your kit, especially if you're considering your kit as part of your remote to bug out location. Because all the tools you bring with you, you will use them. Also, for just like you're saying, around the property right now, getting stuff squared away, trimming stuff up, making it so that branch isn't sticking you in the head every time you turn a corner where you're going to be operating from, so you can focus on what you're supposed to be doing, observing the area or whatever. There are just so many places where tools are just priceless. The thing is, again, find more, buy more. Or watch especially, you know, it's older tools. Older tools I'm seeing thrown away. I got two skill saws. Older, aluminum body, they don't have the pretty colors on them. Yeah, but they're American and they have American motor windings and you know what? They sound like tigers when they run. and they'll keep running and they have been running for as long almost as I've been alive. One of them I would say is probably at least 49 years old. The other one probably about 32, Kmart 19, you know from the 60s or early 70s. So there's a lot of stuff out there like that you run into. Grab it. Also saw blade, somebody's throwing them out, pick them up. Let me give you a little hint there. You may not use it as a circular saw blade. Remember the steel is actually pretty decent little carbon steel. BK, our knife makers make pocket or make utility skinning knives with skill saw blades. So guys all that metal can be used it's to it's tempered to a degree and it's a little higher grade because it's got to be able to cut things it's got to be a little tougher and There's no sense in seeing it go to waste one way or another. It's not just get it chucked in the scrap pile It can be used for the other thing standard practice in Central and South America and some of the third world areas the higher and hexa blades are made of tool steel and They get sharpened a few times as hacksaw blades, you know, re-sharpened, re-sold as used and so on. When that's done, they get made over into little, not quite pen knives, pocket knives. And they serve a whole new career as pocket knives and they actually do work. If that's tool steel, that's good enough. That'll do the job. So again, tools, and it is an important subject. We're looking at some serious issues coming up. We're not going to go into the Stone Age unless everybody really gets stupid. So let's prevent everybody from really getting stupid and then make them understand that there will be levels of technology available, but you have to have the basics in place to get going. and this is where everybody comes in. Rasp, saws, bow saws, conventional saws, any of the saws you see like that. It's another cutting edge. Now there's something you might be able to use for a particular project. It may not be a carpenter now, but it's a little bit bigger. Cutting edges in condition. You want a hard and a soft sharpening stone. And you want some good metal files. Exactly. Among those three things. Now those aren't the fastest way to sharpen something up. One of the nice luxuries to have is one of the little one inch China Sport band sanders. That is the perfect tool for doing a quick sharpen on soft steel like hand hatchets from India and that sort of stuff. In five minutes you will get a decent edge on that. You did not get a decent edge when it was new. It was blunt strangely enough when it was new. That will give you a decent edge. If you don't have one of those handy, you're going to spend a little bit more time, a metal saw or a metal file and some patience. will do the job. You want to clamp that blade in place. and you generally want to take a piece of plastic, the common thing is a snap blade off a can. Cut a little groove in that, put that on the file between your hand and the blade so you're not always banging your knuckles on the axis edge and go away and work away with the file. You will take 30 or 40 minutes to do what you could do with the band sander in five minutes, but it will work. Quick comment. Go ahead and jump in there, caller. This is Joe from the Carolinas. Guys, if you are going to be using that saw to graft or make any kind of pruning on a tree or plant, make sure that you sterilize that blade between the tree or the plant, the next one that you do. You could do that either using boiling water or you could do that holding it over a flame for a minimum of 45 seconds. Otherwise, you risk transferring disease. bacterial or fungal from one tree to another tree or from one plant to another plant. or from a plant to a tree and vice versa. So I just wanted to add that in there. Very good. Right. We don't think of trees as requiring sanitary procedures, but they do. Bleach is a popular option in that area. And if you've got a rag, you can soak with it, or cotton ball or something along those lines. It should do the job. One of the things I wanted to mention for a while now I haven't gotten around to it, this is a good opportunity. Bleach, household bleach is 6% sodium hypochlorite. People think that bleach lasts forever. It does not. In fact, the major vendors of bleach vary the recipe seasonally. because the higher the temperature at which it is stored, the faster bleach deteriorates. They actually make it stronger in the summer and weaker in the winter, figuring that it's going to take a few weeks from mixing and packaging to the end user, and it degrades faster in the summer than it does in the winter. So, they make it stronger in the summer so that it has a little bit more margin to deteriorate before it arrives. This is so that it meets the same spec when it gets into the user's hands. The reason they care about this sort of stuff is that the rate of deterioration is fast enough to actually make a difference. There are people that have bottles of bleach sitting around for years and they pull the cap off and give a little sniff and say, yeah, it smells kind of chlorine-ish, and they think it's full strength. It is not. The rate of degradation of liquid bleach, the sodium hypochlorite, is considered about 20% annually. Alright, so three year old bleach, 20 times 20 times 20 is down about 60% rule of thumb. Doesn't mean you can't use it. But be aware that the liquid bleach that you put away is going to degrade. The warmer its storage conditions, the faster it degrades. If it's out in the shed in a midwestern summer, there's no telling how fast that stuff is going to deteriorate, probably 30 or 40% annually, maybe more. If it's stored in a cool basement, it's not so bad. You can figure that the 20% average is probably good. But sodium hypochlorite, standard liquid bleach, does not have an endless shelf life. So when you buy that stuff, if there's any chance that you're not going to be using it immediately, the rule of thumb, the manufacturer's wanted, as they say, it's good for six months. But of course it's good for longer than that, but it's not as good for longer than that as people think. So keep in mind the average rule of thumb for benign storage condition is about 20% annually and adjust up your usage as necessary. For instance, the hikers say, oh well, two drops per quart is what we need to sterilize drinking water that we get in the field. Well, that two drops thing sort of assumes that you can bottle up that quart and let it sit for quite a while and have it work on the bugs and so forth. But two drops may not do what you think it does if that bleach has been in a cache for a couple of years. So, date your bleach just like you date other things like food products and so on. Bear in mind that average 20% annual adjustment and compensate for that. The alternative to sodium hypochlorite bleach is what people call dry bleach, that's calcium hypochlorite. It works very similarly. It produces the same sort of chlorine products, but it's available in powder form. And it deteriorates much more slowly, just a couple of percent a year, I think. Somebody correct me if you have more detailed data on that. That's the stuff that you can get in the form of pool shock, okay? One of the brands or one of the acronyms is HTH. That actually stands for high test hypochlorite. The word that's been circulating is people say, well, one pound of pool shock is good for 12,000 gallons of water. Maybe, maybe not. Some people say 10,000 gallons of water. Some of them are assuming 78% calcium hypochlorite, which is one of the standards that has been in use in the past. The last time I looked at Pool Shock from Wally World, his HTH brand, it was only 48% or 49%. So that was two-thirds of the concentration that the people quoting 10 or 12,000 gallons are assuming. So, you may not get quite the same sort of mileage as these people quoting 12,000 gallons. I would not trust that. I would hammer it a lot harder, be more conservative, figure that we're working 48, 49 percent versus the 78 percent that they were assuming. Look at the spread of 12,000 to 10,000 depending on who you're listening to. and figure, maybe that one pound is good for 5 or 6 thousand gallons. Even so, a pound of this stuff cost a few dollars and is a bargain in the area of stored materials. Everybody ought to have some. Expect to use it. You do not want to pick up enteric parasites and bacteria. It's one of the worst things that can happen to you short of a hole punctured in you by some hostile character. Do have that on hand. Be aware that the calcium hypochlorite, also known as HTH or pool shock, stores much much better than the sodium hypochlorite. It too degrades and high temperatures accelerate the rate at which it degrades, but it degrades much much more slowly than sodium hypochlorite. Comments, questions, etc. No, no. If you're running on the right track, one of the biggest problems we're going to have is volume and storage. Even with the debate about how much, remember guys, we need quantity now. This is a good time because pool supplies, well let me give you an example. Meyers Thrifty Acres is on the computer database thing for inventory. They're a box store. Right now all the summer stuff, including pool supplies, are bargain basement prices because they want to get it off the shelf and they have pallets. This is the time to buy the items we're talking about. In fact, pay attention. A lot of other items like that that they have for around the pool are there too. And some of the tools that they have there, or some of the items, are kind of handy for what we are looking forward to in the future. Two things you'll find you're the pool supply which I thought was rather funny. They shouldn't be there. It's me see to be over by garden supply a little closer to the word should be but You'll notice the outdoor oils lamp oils right now same thing starting to come down a little bit or if it's the wrong ID number and they've got some new Christmasy color number for something they're the I'm going to or are observed that since taking over the kitchen, I have changed my usage profile of some of the substances. One of the things I have noticed is my consumption of common garden variety salt, plain old table salt. What would you think would be the largest consumption of table salt, Mark? As in industry or as in people? Our household operations. Well, normally be cooking obviously, but it could be for any number of other things. You're getting close. You're getting close. Keep going. Maybe you'll get it. Maybe you won't. No, no, go right ahead, please. All right, what I've observed is that my largest consumption of table salt is not the salt shaker. It's not little pinches of salt going into things that I am cooking. The biggest consumption of table salt is the preparation of pasta. Okay, if pasta is a large portion of your food storage program and it's not a bad idea if it is, it stores well, it's relatively cheap, everybody likes it, most people can eat it, only a few people have, you know, wheat problems, this sort of stuff. The way you cook it and keep it from clumping up and so on is you throw a fair amount of salt into that pot when you're bringing the water to boil. It turns out from observing my patterns, that is where most of the table salt goes in my kitchen operations. If you are storing hundreds or thousands, who knows how much, pounds of pasta, do some calculations and set aside a boatload of table salt for that reason. That's much, much more than you will consume. Mostly it will be thrown away in the water. but it does make a big difference and it's part of the standard procedure for boiling out pasta. The other thing I would observe is that if people have rural water systems, they've set up gray water reuse, the gray water goes in the garden, all this kind of good stuff, you might want to think really hard about that pasta water because that's a lot of salt and over time, All of that 100 pound bag of salt, you wouldn't take it out in the garden and dump it out there. But if you're using that in the boil water for your pasta and then tossing it in the grey water and that stuff goes out in the garden, you're doing the same thing whether you realize it or not. So you might want to look for a secondary disposal method of that running stream headed toward the ocean or something along those lines. Pasta seems to be the biggest consumption of table salt. If you think that I've multiplied out the number of people in the household and the number of man months and so on and so forth, figured out and looked up on the web to see what salt consumption per person is and so on and so forth, that's all very good. but that's completely independent of the pasta that you have on hand. If you've got a few hundred pounds or however much, set in a whole second stack of table salt for that reason. Otherwise, you're going to find that the cook is going through your table salt a whole lot faster than you thought and those supplies are going to shrink a whole lot faster than you thought. Now, one of the other things about that with regard to disposal, remember you can do what are literally called salt pans. That's a way actually to reclaim if you're concerned with salt processing and dumping into the environment. We use a certain amount of salt for curing and other items too where you're typically not going to necessarily be washing it off but you're certainly going to have a percentage of it dropping below and actually I guess technically it can be recovered and used. It's actually a part of the food process. That's something we may have to take into consideration. It's always been recommended that, again, you have so many pounds of salt on the shelf. A lot of people think one-pound containers, that's an option. Actually, that's a good way because barter and trade, it's uniform. Remember, the first rule of barter and trade is something people can recognize. Now, sensible people or people who understand bulk and volume and how things come in gross quantities, we're not going to have a problem with that. But, remember the average person is going to be terrified about being cheated or not being fairly treated or they're going to complain about the product. They have been conditioned for three generations by televisions and name brands and corporations. So the big thing here, if they see a container, they recognize at least if it's a salt container, there's a way to trade. Now, there are you can go smaller or you can go larger containers for your own personal. We buy 25 pound bags, we also buy the one pound cans and we do other containers depending on what I find. Sometimes you find salt on sale or they're dumping the product. We grab it. Now I've got salt we've had on the shelf, it's one of the oldest items and definitely doesn't go bad. No, it stays forever. I mean, they dig it up. It's been in the ground for a million years. It's a mineral, so it's right where it needs to be. Notice also that the grocery store may charge you, you know, a buck 19 for one pound canned of salt. You go to all these and it's 39 cents for the exact same one pound. Different, you know, brand label. But even the 39 cents is ridiculous. I remember when a can of salt used to be 6 cents. But, you know, that's long gone. But do not pay a can for this stuff. It's not even a one pound can anymore. So, you know, that's just the trend that everything is. But materials like that, shop for them. Go ahead and buy some of the name brand for trade purposes, but that's for stupid people. Okay? Buy the off brand that generics, there's no difference for your own consumption. The big thing here again is, as pointed out, you're going to be using it for a number of processes. You may also want, well not may, you do want to diversify. Remember iodized salt, obviously, as everybody's pretty well familiar with it. But also pickling slash canning salts. There are other sea salts that people are very popular, it's very popular to a lot of people. And again remember there are additional minerals typically with sea salts, which is the other reason they're so popular. And why you see flavor change ups on those. Remember KISS, keep it simple, stupid. Nothing too fancy, but an understand and be able to mark and identify what you have in each container on the outside if you're going to buy big quantities of salt, large bags. or even smaller, five gallon buckets are a great way to store it. Remember you can put it in a bag, seal it in another bag, put it inside the five gallon pail, make sure that lid is sealed. Now you've got yourself a pretty squared away, you know, containment system. It'll be there forever and the plastic container isn't going to break down because of salt. Remember, tins used to be real popular. Well, eventually, because salt and what it does, a little bit of moisture goes a long way and oxidation with regard to and corrosion because of salt making contact with the metal containers is why typically you'll find if you're up in a go to a cabin in the up north and wow the salt ate right through the bottom whereas other products may not have and it's not the air it's just the amount of moisture content eventual contamination and the combination of the two when they make contact between the salt and the metal product and oxygen provided by air with little you know again with moisture So one of the things taken into consideration, step by step, with regard to what we need to do when we're watching for or we're setting up storage, try to use particular containers, especially for certain products. Go ahead, BK. Okay, more useful substances. One of the things you will find in your garden center, I'm not recommending that you buy it at the garden center because the price is ridiculously expensive, but one of the products that you will find there and you can find at agricultural supplies much more cheaply is copper sulfate in bulk. Now this is used as root killer. I need to go get some of these. I have a pesky tree that keeps invading the sewer line. You can either dump root killer down the pipe or you can spend quality time with the Roto-Rooter, the sewer snake machine. I think this time I would rather dump some of that down the drain and let it do its thing. However, copper sulfate is an interesting material. It not only is used in bulk for some things like suppressing excessive vegetation in ponds and streams and so on, I think it's probably a bit on the toxic side. I don't like dumping the heavy metal in there, but it is used for that purpose and that's why it's available in bulk. But it also has another use. If you do a little bit of electrochemistry, that is you drop a couple of electrodes into a solution of copper sulfate. you'll get an interesting behavior. You will see copper forming, remember when we electroplate the metal always moves to the negative electrode, okay? If you use a non-reactive positive electrode, if you don't, you're going to contaminate your solution. But if you use a non-reactive positive electrode, like a carbon rod for instance, you will see copper forming, spongy copper forming at the negative electrode. What happens with the sulfate ions? Well, when you have passed enough current through that solution to use up all of the bright blue copper sulfate, you will end up with a transparent fluid. Or if you're using a carbon electrode, you will end up with a black, gloppy looking mess that's actually a transparent solution but it's got a lot of carbon floating in it. you want to do a coffee filter and get rid of the carbon and you'll have a transparent solution. What is that transparent solution? That, oh, I'm going to put you on the spot again. You want to guess what that solution is? I'll give you a hint. It's got a sulfate radical. Sulfate, right? Go ahead, please. Go ahead. That, my friends, is sulfuric acid. Ah, okay. The same stuff that you use in your automobile batteries, your off-grid electrical systems, and a thousand other purposes. Sulfuric acid is probably the most produced chemical in the entire industrial supply chain. It is useful for a thousand and one different things. It is useful for instance to recondition the fluoride filters that you have in your water filter. I should take a little digression here and say that many of us have these PF2 fluoride second filters in our gravity water filters to pull the fluoride out. It's a good thing to do that. Be advised that they strip only about half the fluoride out, not all of it by any means. but half is better than none. If you have well water or something along those lines, then that's better. But if you're using city water and they fluoridated it, by all means use that filter. Those filters, on average, are only good for about a thousand gallons and then they lose effectiveness. You can refresh those filters by rinsing them with any of a number of materials. One of them is sodium hydroxide common lye. Okay, another of those is sulfuric acid. Well, copper sulfate is strangely enough a useful means of obtaining a useful means of safely storing sulfuric acid because you run it through this electrochemical process, you extract the spongy copper and I presume that you have a use for copper. You may have to put it in a container, smelt it and things to get it to a metallic form, but you can certainly do that. You get the copper out, so that's certainly not wasted and what's left behind is sulfuric acid. Now, it's going to be a weak solution. You will need to strengthen it for many of the more interesting chemical activities, but that's easily done. This is a little bit counterintuitive, but sulfuric acid can be concentrated in a very simple fashion. You cook it. You simply heat the stuff. Do it outside, do it with lots of precautions, you don't want to get hot acid solution on yourself and so on and so forth. But, sulfuric acid is actually a liquid and has actually a rather high boiling point, much, much higher than water. So you can concentrate sulfuric acid up to about the 70 something percent point simply by cooking it in a preferably a glass-based container because you know we react with a lot of the metals. That can be a useful supply source for that particular feedstock. There are a thousand and one uses for sulfuric acid. We have a small collection of acids that are the base of a great deal of our inorganic chemistry. Sulfuric is probably the single most useful of all of those. Nitric and hydrochloric are the other two of the tripod. There are many, many more, but those three are an excellent source. And one thing to use it for, just right off the top of your head, is to refresh those water filters. So, there you go. Again, the idea is that recharging down the road is going to be critical. Remember, even though you may not get as... You won't reactivate to full capacity with everything that you're doing when you're reactivating or recharging technology, but you're going to be extending the life of your first generation so that you don't have to switch out to your second, third, or fourth storage filters or storage items, depending on what you're using, until necessary. So reprocessing or doubling out. Now, we're using one. cleaning up and recharging and reactivating one unit while moving the other into play. Pretty well common sense. Most people don't really think about it though. They think to run something to destruction and then switch out. On the other hand, remember you have time to properly cleanse or properly evacuate material and to refresh, dry out, and clean out and purge the material that was probably used to clean or to process. That's also critical. and there's a certain level in order to get better performance to ensure that there's no, you know, again, during, if you have to reinstall it before the proper and full clean drying phase for whatever you're doing. The problem is that you're going to collect particle material that you really didn't necessarily want to, depending on what it is you're doing. If it's dry filtering one direction, wet filtering the other. So just something to take into consideration. But be satisfied with what you get out of the deal. Because otherwise, the conditioning, like you said, would be OK with a lot of people is buy it, throw it out, and use the next one. Instead, if you do a little research, reprocessing, and reworking the technology is not that hard. Go ahead. Right, okay, so while we're on that topic, let's drift over to another one. I'm going to tell a little story. Back in the 70s, most of us are old enough to remember this. Some of us are not. A newfangled technology hit the streets and in practical terms it was a horrendous disaster. First in 73 and then in 75 the feds, meaning the lawyers in congress, imposed new rules on the automotive industry and man did Detroit spend billions of dollars trying to figure out how to accommodate those emissions rules and it was a horrendous thing for the auto industry. That's probably the beginning of the end for the US auto industry. Certainly they committed many sins of their own. They were stupid and arrogant and they did a lot of dumb things, but Congress sure helped them over the cliff. The emissions controls are one of those things. Now, when the new cars came out, I experienced an interesting thing. I'd be walking around in a parking lot and things like that and I'd smell this funny smell. And I'd say, man, I recognize that smell. Where does that smell come from? Oh yeah. And the reason I recognized it is that I had recently been through a high school chemistry class. and recognize the smell of the various reagents and so on that we used there. I could walk through a parking lot and I could smell the very distinctive whiff of sulfuric acid. And where was that coming from? Well, turns out it was coming from automotive exhausts. This is one of the reasons why in the mid 70s automotive exhausts degraded and corroded as rapidly as they did. Detroit came up with a ridiculous concept, the Kedlet converter. They achieved their ends in a horrible fashion. They ran the engines extremely rich to suppress the oxides of nitrogen. Then the very, very rich, incompletely burnt mixture went through the catalytic converter and got burned off to get rid of the unburnt hydrocarbons. It was a horribly inefficient method of doing things and it produced sulfuric acid. Why? The fuel of the day which was produced in a straightforward fashion had sulfur in it. You burn sulfur, you get sulfur dioxide. You heat up sulfur dioxide with water vapor and you run it over a catalyst. The two catalysts used are platinum and vanadium pentoxide and what you have is the catalytic method that is industrially used to produce sulfuric acid on a million tons per year scale. Well, guess what the automobile manufacturers did? They had fuel with sulfur in it. It produced sulfur dioxide. Naturally, there's water vapor in the exhaust that's heated up and it's sent through a catalytic converter which has what? Platinum and vanadium pentoxide running at a high temperature. And surprise, surprise, it produced sulfuric acid. much to everybody's amazement. How could that possibly happen? Well, you know, it's darn well-known technology. That's exactly how it was done on a routine basis. And it was great for the manufacturers and installers of mufflers and tailpipes and stuff because it rotted those things out in a hurry until some of the manufacturers started using stainless in those compounds. But that is a very interesting little sideline. We think, gee, only the big chemical refineries and so on can do chemistry, can produce basic substances. We have to store everything. Well, we don't have to store everything and we can produce a lot of stuff. If you wanted, for instance, to start out with bulk sulfur, you can produce sulfur dioxide in a very simple fashion. You can produce a reaction vessel. Any tin can will do it. You get a little bit of sulfur burning in the bottom of the tin can. You close it up. You have an inlet and an outlet. People do this experimentally with an aquarium pump, a little fish pump blowing air in one side and what comes out the exit port on the other side, sulfur dioxide. They want to proceed to do experiments with the sulfur dioxide. They can react it with hydrogen peroxide that gets sulfuric. Hydrogen peroxide is not an easily produced material, so that's just more of a curiosity. But you mix it with water vapor and you run it over that catalyst at elevated temperature and you've got the industrial process by which sulfuric acid is produced. There are some complexities. You want to run at high temperature. The way it's done industrially, they recycle some of the fluids back and forth. They run the hot acid back through columns where gas is running upwards and liquid is running downwards. You can look up all this stuff. But the simple form is that the catalyst, platinum, and vanadium conoxyders are what is used industrially. I think those are hard to get a hold of. It's in every catalytic converter ever made. It is conveniently deposited in a very thin film onto ceramic beads to increase the surface to volume ratio, which is exactly what you wanted if you were going to go into the sulfuric acid making business. The cars no longer have so much difficulty with that. Because the oil refiners have taken to stripping the sulfur out of the fuel, it does add to the price and it produces an enormous amount of powdered flowers of sulfur, which are routinely used for agricultural purposes and so on. A few years back I went shopping and discovered that for $10 you could buy a pound of sulfur at your home center for making your soil more acid to accommodate your blueberries and things like that. I also found out that for $10 you could buy a 50 pound sack of sulfur from the agricultural supplies. I recently did that search again and found that it is no longer $10 for a 50 pound sack, it is now $50 for a 50 pound pail. So putting it in a pail instead of a sack I guess is supposed to increase the value from $10 to $50. However, you can still get sulfur very cheaply in bulk for agricultural purposes because it is a side product of all of this oil refining. People don't want to be producing sulfur, sulfuric acid accidentally in their catalytic converters, in their automobiles, and therefore all the sulfur is produced. You can buy the sulfur. The sulfur is very, very useful. Not only can you use it to turn right around and produce the sulfuric acid on purpose if you want, You can also use it in black powder. I wouldn't. We have better alternatives than black powder for almost everything. You can use it in things like rocket engines, fireworks, salutes, things like that if you wanted to for some reason. The old black powder recipes, the rocket propellant recipes and so on are simple to produce. That's their main virtue. They're not all that efficient. They absorb moisture, they age and so on and so forth, but they are simple to produce, so that's their benefit. You can produce the sulfuric acid that you like. You can also use it in the traditional agricultural sense. If you've got berries, if you've got plants that want acidic soil, spreading the sulfur around is a standard method of doing it. It takes a little while for it to have its effect. Bacteria have to work on that sulfur and they produce sulfur rust acid, which is a much weaker acid. But it is what the blueberry is like and it is what some other plants like. So you can purchase bulk supplies of sulfur for exactly that reason, you can use it for that reason, and you can use it as a direct feedstock once again to produce the sulfuric acid, which itself is a gateway material to a thousand other industrial processes which we may have reason to want to use. So add to my list of useful substances. plain old sulfur and it does not rot, it does not spoil, it doesn't freeze break whatever and it is widely available until the police state decides that that also cannot be owned by peasants. So for the time being sulfur is available, it's a worthwhile thing to have out in the shed. No special storage requirements at all. It is about as inert as table salt in the raw form and I would add that to the list. of things that you might want to set aside. Again, proper storage has been prilled typically. They bring it to a certain drying level. The dryer you can keep it and the better you can secure it with multi-storage, the better off you're going to be. Also drop it down to smaller increments. One of the containers that's really, really cheap and also stores really well, the square juice containers that are actually the rectangular when looking from above most efficient for storage again they can then be stacked inside another container five gallon pails or 40 gallon largemouth barrels use a cardboard stand off for each tier to support every, you know, the next batch. The idea behind this is compartmentalization. It's already been dried and, you know, it's already been processed, guys. So we're going to try and keep it as dry as we can and modular the storage for this reason. It's like a series of corn kernels. each container is separated if you need so much material all you have to do is identify the weight what the average weight is for each of the containers right then on the outside of the individual little container when it's properly stored should be good indefinitely on the shelf again right yeah I feel this is one of the forms you can get flowers of is the fine powder I think that's a little bit more versatile because you can spread it directly if you want One of the nice things about sulfur is that nothing is going to eat it, nothing is going to rot it, it doesn't freeze or fail or anything. It will be kind of tedious if you package a thousand pounds that way, but if you are operating at that scale, that's cool. But yeah, it's very, very forgiving and there are many other materials that you do want to protect quite well. But definitely on the list of things that's good to have. parked away somewhere. Quick comment. Go ahead, jump in there. About flowers of sulfur or elemental sulfur, you do not want to exceed, if you're adding it to the soil, you do not want to exceed more than 20 pounds per 1,000 square feet or 50 pounds of aluminum sulfate per 1,000 square feet. Right, there's always a limit. You don't want to shock the microorganisms in your soil. Yes. Second comment is that sulfur can also be used as a dewormer or certain livestock including cows. However, if you are going to add a dollop or a teaspoon of copper sulfate to a cow's deworming mixture, you also want to make sure to add a tablespoon of animal dolomite to the mix so that way you neutralize the poisoning effects of the copper sulfate. I wasn't aware of copper sulfate being used in that fashion. Sulfur is one of the old traditional laxatives. He used to be able to buy it in the drug store as a cheap form of that. Of course, he also used to be able to buy potassium nitrate as a diuretic. You can't do that anymore, the paranoid police state. I actually asked the pharmacist once, can I buy the potassium nitrate that used to be in the bottles? And they looked at me like I had alkydase wiggling out of my pants pockets or something. They were like, oh no, they're about to get me. Yeah, right. Very good. We are at the top, guys. Again, Joe, thank you, sir, for the input. BK. Anything else before we go? Yes, five is 60 millimeter filters, Denpards Corp still has them, 150 bucks for a case plus a little bit of shipping. Best bargain out there while they last. And they do have the Yugoslavian masks, they're in the new items category. If you punch that up, you'll find the mask there for $15 apiece. Well, they ran out of the finished masks, they now have the Yugo, which by the way, the Yugo masks are finished made anyway, guys. So you're just getting another product. from the same country. 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